A new concept of primary processing, which is based on the fact that quality requirements for bast raw materials has recently changed somewhat. This is bound up, primarily, with its processing in the textile industry at cotton spinning equipment, and with the use in food, wood-chemical and paper industries for production on its basis of new types of finished products
PURPOSE
The purpose of the research is to obtain bast fibers of different functional purpose from flax and hemp by pulping their bundles using a new method of mechanical raw materials processing.
The problems of the changing nature of mechanical actions in the initial stages of flax raw materials processing with the transition to more productive technology of shive extraction using cylinder decorticator.
Scheme of cylinder decorticator
1 – horizontal rotating cylindrical drum; 2 – parallel rasp-bar threshing blades; 3 – spiral feeder; 4 – unloader; 5 -feeding transporter; 6, 7 – rolling bearings; 8 – tooth gear.
TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME OF PRODUCTION
The scheme proposed will allow to halve the chain of existing equipment and to increase the overall yield of the fibers, bringing it to 30%, as well as to bring maximally final fibre characteristics in optimum parameters nearer to one or another consumer.
technological scheme of existing processing process;
technological scheme of modernized processing process
KINEMATIC PLANT CHARACTERISTICS
Forces acting on the fiber in decorticate plant are directed so as not to damage the fibers and ensure maximum efficiency of subsequent processes.
First, this compression process of fiber crops stems, which occurs after the voltage surpasses the compressive strength which reproduces a well-known rolling process . After that there occurs splitting with the destruction of the stem completeness resulting in a shive fastened with the fiber . Besides, tensile stress appears in stems followed by extraction of free shive.
Fracture as a result of bending which is formed by cutting and scraping a layer of raw product between the grinding disks and the inner lining of the drum provides fiber displacement of the stem relatively to its wood parts making the breaking process.
The air pressure is created in the drum due to extra fan and promotes the intensification of the separation process of shive and unspun impurities.
Fiber thinning and stapling is performed in the second decorticate drum by a rubbing process which occurs due to the inner lining of the working surface of the drum . The external filaments undergo shear deformation followed by separation due to the fact that shear stresses surpass the breaking point.
Three-dimensional model of processing for pumping balls
Three-dimensional model of the process in a mixed-mode processing
ECONOMIC ATTRACTIVENESS
Cost-effectiveness of the proposed technology is provided by increasing the volume of production output as a result of its implementation at the enterprise.
Additional cost-effectiveness can be achieved by improving the quality of the resulting fiber. Annual economic effect of the proposed technology is 450.70 ths., and its profitability increases by more than three times and reaches 36.2%.
APPLACATION SPHERE
One possible use of bast fibers in the pharmaceutical industry is the production of health and hygienic products – wool, surgical sutures, bandages as well as products that protect from radiation and ultraviolet radiation .
In wood-pulp and paper industry shredded short fibers are used for cellulose production and high-quality filter paper production.
In textile industry the production sphere of new types of fibers, yarns, fabrics and new materials for special purposes with a high degree of thermal stability and anti-static shielding properties has expanded.
IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS
Technological schemes of bast crops processing for twisted products, nonwovens, textile and sanitary materialswere developed and tested in the production environment in Glukhovskyi Institute of Bast Crops, that was confirmed by the act of implementation № 1 from 29.12.09, JSC “LONOKOMBINAT Starosambirskyi” that was confirmed by the act of implementation №2 from 26.12.09, and JSC “Koropkyi flax plant” that was confirmed by the act of implementation №3 from16.11.11