Shiveboards is an effective material for furniture industry and construction, however, their industrial production is not developed in connection with the absence of specific facilities for shive transformation, unsustainable location and remoteness of the sources of its formation, which creates problems of collection and transportation. The use of phenol – formaldehyde adhesive agents during their production greatly limits the range of their application.
OBJECTIVE
In order to justify the feasibility of mass production of organic shiveboards it is necessary to find new types of adhesives on the basis of which it will be possible to create competitive products.
TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME OF PRODUCTION
RESULTS
Production of shiveboards is carried out by hot pressing of shive mixed with adhesive agents. The manufacturing process of such plates is similar to the process of producing panels of wood chips, but it is less complicated because shive does not require special grinding. Plates of flax and hemp shive as well as chipboards are among the most promising constructional and finishing materials due to their advantages over timber.
Raw material for shiveboards production
Shiveboards based on thermoplastic adhesives
Shiveplates based on thermosetting adhesives
Shive is also a very good raw material for the manufacturing of furniture and construction boards obtained as a result of hot pressing being mixed with thermosetting or thermoplastic adhesives. For the production of shiveboards it is necessary to separate shive from the remnants of short fibers which is exercised by means of a fibre-extracting machine to dry and to sort it. Then shive is mixed with 6-8% of an adhesive, after that the boards are made of the prepared mixture and they are prepressed. Hot pressing is carried out at a pressure of 35 kg/cm2 and at a temperature of 130-170 C°. Thickness of boards ranges from 8 to 24 mm, and the density from 0,55 to 0,35 g/cm3. The output of boards is 65-70% of the shive mass.
COMPARISON WITH WORLD ANALOGS
The work proposes the technique of evaluating the competitiveness of timber, which is taken as a basis for developing criteria for competitiveness of plate materials.
Shiveboards must meet regulatory and technical requirements to chipboard (GOST 10632-89). Regulatory parameters can be achieved by using new types of adhesives.
Investigation of the shiveboard properties made in laboratory conditions suggests that by normalized fundamental indicators of quality (density, durability, water resistance, toxicity) they meet the standard on chipboard.
ECONOMIC ATTRACTIVENESS
In the the production of shiveboards raw material costs are reduced due to less cost of shive, payroll is also reduced by freeing workers employed in the chip manufacturing area, as shive has necessary fractional size, and does not require additional grinding. Some reduction of production costs is also achieved by saving electricity at the shive drying area because its initial moisture content under appropriate storing conditions is small (30%).
Application of flax and hemp shive in the manufacturing of composite materials allows integrated and sustainable use of both wood and bast raw materials, effective utilization of waste products of primary processing of bast crops, thus reducing material consumption and production cost of plate materials.
SPHERE OF APPLICATION
Fiberboard is a versatile construction and finishing material: it is ideal for sound – and thermo insulation, leveling of walls, roof decking, for the construction of intermediate floors and interior wall partitions. In addition, due to an accessible cost, it is advisable to use it for the floor as hard surface under the laminate, for manufacturing of containers of different shapes and volume, for production of various furniture etc. Excellent dielectric properties of boards of a certain thickness also make it possible to use them for making various electric and heating panels .